Effects of Slavery on America

Effects of Slavery on American History Andrew Avila US History 1301 Dr. Raley April 18, 2013 The U. S. Constitution is primarily based on compromise between larger and smaller states, and more importantly, between northern and southern states. One major issue of the northern and southern states throughout American history is the topic of slavery. Although agreements such as the Three-Fifths Compromise in 1787, and the Thirteenth Amendment in 1865 were adapted to reduce and outlaw slavery, it took many years for slavery to be completely abolished and allow blacks the freedom they had been longing for.The Three-Fifths Compromise was a agreement reached at the Constitutional Convention of 1787 in Philadelphia in which three-fifths of states’ slaves would be counted as representation regarding distribution of taxes and apportionment of members to the House of Representatives[1]. This meant that slave owners would be taxed on the number of slaves they owned as well as states receiv ing representation for the allotted 3/5, or â€Å"Federal ratio,† of slaves owned.During the Continental Congress of 1783, a committee was appointed to decide upon a method to be integrated in the Articles of Confederation to prevent states from ignoring their fair share of the tax burden. The proposed fix was to tax based on population rather than property value. Delegates who opposed slavery only wanted to count all free inhabitants of each state, while supporters of slavery wanted to count all slaves for representation purposes only and not for taxation.Being that southern states were heavily populated with slaves, naturally, northern states feared that the south would gain a political upper-hand and become extremely powerful[2]. Seeing such opposition from northern and southern states, representatives James Wilson and Roger Sherman came up with a plan that stemmed from the one proposed at the Continental Congress. The Three-Fifths Compromise, which was designed to meet th e demands of both sides, gave the south their much anticipated representation, while easing the fears of the north of being politically overpowered by the south[3].After the Virginia Plan was rejected, the Three-Fifths Compromise seemed to guarantee more political power to the south. As a result, southern states dominated the Presidency and Speakership of the House. While the south gained more representation because of the higher ownership of slaves, the north gained very little. However, the longterm results of the Three-Fifths Compromise did not work well to the southern states’ advantage[4]. The increased importation of slaves to the south upset the north leading to the Missouri Compromise.The Missouri Compromise prohibited slavery in the former Louisiana Territory north of the 36o 30’. By 1820, the northern states began to grow faster than southern states resulting in the fall from southern representation in the House of Representatives. The Three-Fifths Compromise paved the way for the Thirteenth Amendment in 1865 which outlaws slavery. However, the Thirteenth Amendment was meant to guarantee slavery. In 1863, Abraham Lincoln issued an Emancipation Proclamation declaring that any people held as slaves would be free[5].Many people questioned the validity of the Proclamation as well as President Lincoln’s power. Because President Lincoln failed to mention that slaves in the loyalist states would be free in the Proclamation, many doubted the effect would last beyond restoration of the states[6]. Although the Emancipation Proclamation declared that slaves would be free, it did not actually free any slaves in border states nor did it abolish slavery. President Lincoln and other supporters decided it was necessary to include an amendment to the Constitution abolishing slavery.The Thirteenth Amendment was the first amendment proposed in 60 years. The Thirteenth Amendment was the only slavery-related bill to oppose and abolish slavery while o ther bills protected slavery[7]. Eventually, the bill was taken to the Senate and passed on April 8, 1864. Although the bill was passed as an effort to keep the country united, it was stopped from being ratified as the south began to secede and the Union dissolved. This prevented the bill from becoming an actual law. President Lincoln took active measures to get the proposed bill on the Republican Party platform for the 1864 presidential election.After several months of debate, the bill finally reached the two-thirds vote on January 31, 1865, although the signed amendment’s archival copy states the bill was passed February 1, 1865[8]. After the approval of the Thirteenth Amendment, Congress passed four statutes known as the Reconstruction Acts. The Reconstruction Congress was required to pass two laws that implemented the Thirteenth Amendment[9]. The first was the Civil Rights Act declaring that freed slaves were allowed to enjoy the same rights as white people. This law made it a crime on the federal level to deprived freed slaves of these rights.The second was the Anti-Peonage Act of 1867 which made the holding of any person as a slave unlawful[10]. The Thirteenth Amendment completed the abolition of slavery in the United States. The process to abolish slavery began with President Lincoln’s issuing of the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863. Although the Thirteenth Amendment outlaws slavery and involuntary servitude, officials had to selectively enforce laws such as vagrancy forcing blacks to be subject to involuntary servitude. The southern states' attitudes towards abolition made it nearly impossible for blacks to shake being ex-slaves.After the abolition of slavery, life for Black Americans got even more difficult before it could get better. Public beatings and lynchings became and everyday occurrence through â€Å"white supremacy groups† such as the Ku Klux Klan. Segregation between whites and blacks had become widespread at the time a s well. Many blacks found it difficult to survive off the poor wages they received and terrible living situations. Slavery was not legal or illegal until each individual state made it so. Up until that point, slavery was an accepted common law practice.However, after slavery was declared illegal in individual states and had been outlawed, many slave owners, and slaves alike, needed to adjust to the newly acquired changes. Needless to say, this was a change that would take many years to adapt to. To this day, these movements are still discussed as the judicial system . Many people still do not support the abolition of slavery. The United States Constitution states that slavery and involuntary servitude are illegal unless ordered by the court. However, this does not mean that any individual may own a slave.This simply means that if a person is convicted of a crime, said person may be ordered to prison or community service. This however does not mean that there are absolutely no cases of slavery in America today. Although in slightly different form, slavery still exists today despite the trial and error endured by the American government to abolish slavery in its entirety. Slavery today is known as human trafficking. Not only does human trafficking include involuntary servitude and forced labor, but various other acts that are to be carried out by those who are being held as slaves.Human trafficking is one of the biggest crimes committed today. Throughout history many measures have been taken to prohibit and outlaw slavery. However, documents such as the Three-Fifths Compromise and the Thirteenth Amendment were two of the major stepping stones in the direction of abolishing slavery. The issue of slavery has been around since the beginning of the United States and has undergone many changes over time. With agreements such as the Three-Fifths Compromise and the Thirteenth Amendment, slavery was able to be decreased and eventually abolished.Bibliography Peter Robins on. Uncommon Knowledge: A Slave to the System? Thomas Jefferson and Slavery. Hoover Institution, 2009. Garry Wills. â€Å"Negro President†: Jefferson and the Slave Power. Houghton Mifflin Company. New York, 2003. Herman Belz. Emancipation and Equal Rights: Politics and Constitutionalism in the Civil War Era. New York, 1978. Michael Vorenberg. Final Freedom: The Civil War, the Abolition of Slavery, and the Thirteenth Amendment. Cambridge University Press, 2001. Report of the Brown University Steering Committee on Slavery and Justice.The House Joint Resolution proposing the 13th amendment to the Constitution, January 31, 1865; Enrolled Acts and Resolutions of Congress, 1789-1999; General Records of the United States Government; Record Group 11; National Archives Harp Weekly. Ratification and Results. 2008. Oman Nathan. Specific Performance and the Thirteenth Amendment. Minnesota Law Review, Forthcoming. 2008. Unknown Author. â€Å"The Slavery Compromises†. University of Louisiana-Lafayette Computing Support Services. Unknown Date. Gilder Lehrman Institute. The Three-Fifths Compromise. Digital History. 2013. ———————- [1] Gilder Lehrman Institute. The Three-Fifths Compromise. Digital History. 2013. [2] Peter Robinson. Uncommon Knowledge: A Slave to the System? Thomas Jefferson and Slavery. Hoover Institution, 2009. [3] Unknown Author. â€Å"The Slavery Compromises†. University of Louisiana-Lafayette Computing Support Services. Unknown Date [4] Peter Robinson. Uncommon Knowledge: A Slave to the System? Thomas Jefferson and Slavery. Hoover Institution, 2009. [5] Herman Belz. Emancipation and Equal Rights: Politics and Constitutionalism in the Civil War Era. New York, 1978. 6] Michael Vorenberg. Final Freedom: The Civil War, the Abolition of Slavery, and the Thirteenth Amendment. Cambridge University Press, 2001. [7] 3Herman Belz. Emancipation and Equal Rights: Politics and Constitutionalism in the Civil War Era. New York, 1978. [8] 3Herman Belz. Emancipation and Equal Rights: Politics and Constitutionalism in the Civil War Era. New York, 1978. [9] Oman Nathan. Specific Performance and the Thirteenth Amendment. Minnesota Law Review, Forthcoming. 2008. [10] Oman Nathan. Specific Performance and the Thirteenth Amendment. Minnesota Law Review, Forthcoming. 2008.

Bucket List Destination

Our trip to Italy We were planning a trip, but we were not sure where to go. Our options were to go to Europe or South America. After checking prices and the offers we decided it was better to go to Europe. But we concentrated the trip only to Italy, because it seemed to be the best option for its history and food. We left from PR on a Saturday morning, next stop was NY City. At the airport we got chill at some bar and get ready for a lot of hours in a flight.At the airplane, as usual, we where boring, watching a lot of movies, eating bad food, and desperate to get at our destination. Finally, at Venice! Once we got there we take a bus that leave us close to the hotel, but like good pertinacious, we don't read or look at the map to see where was the exact location of the hotel. We walked for almost 2 hours to see where was the hotel. After walking under the rain and freezing we decided to ask where was our hotel. It was close to the bus station, only 5 minutes walking!!!We do the che ck in and took a little nap. I was so tire because of the flight. Every day we wake up at 8:00 a. M. To enjoyed the breakfast and after that walked all day to see the different museums and places in Venice. After a few day eating pasta and drinking wine I was looking forward to our next place, Florence! At Florence we walked like the airwoman race, a lot of miles to get to our destiny. It was the first time I used a train, a really fast train! It was awesome! We enjoyed the view of the place, the wineries, the houses, everything was pretty.When we where at Florence it was Easter celebration, we saw all the Catholic rituals and it was amazing to see all the people getting together to celebrated that holiday, a lot of people celebrating the same. As usual, we walked a lot every day. In the last day at Florence we got a reservation at Ditto's Restaurant to taste a Bisect Florentine, it was a piece of meat almost raw, so bloody and red, I can't eat it, but the owner was very nice. The n ext day went to Rome, my favorite destination in the entire trip.We saw the culture, the famous places, the Coliseum, it was really awesome. When I finally saw the Coliseum I can't describe what I felt. A lot of history in front of my eyes, I can't compared that experience to anything before. During the entire trip I was really happy, I can't believe I went to Italy, one in the bucket list destination, I was happy as a child that goes to Disney Land for the first time. It was one of my best trips ever and I'm looking forward to go again to Europe. Bucket List Destination By shillelaghs

Economic development of the countries after SAP Essay

Economic development of the countries after SAP - Essay Example The paper describes economic reform in some countries. Oman, which is also an oil based economy, opened itself to world trade during 1970. Economic reforms implemented in Oman focused on increasing public spending by spending on health, education and welfare provision. Reforms based on development and modernizations were also implemented. These included developing the economy’s infrastructure by building roads, providing low cost housing and building hospitals. Though Oman’s main economic strength has been oil production, it started focusing on other things like tourism and development of natural gas reserves after the oil price slump adversely affected its economy. The general trends of the economic reforms implemented in Oman has been geared towards making the country better off in terms of economic and financial stability, increasing the skill level of their labor force and diversifying its income sources by investing in avenues other than oil production to decrease singular dependency on oil production. The UAE has gained a substantial amount of economic progress due to the economic reforms implemented in the country as part of SAP. However, economic trends in the UAE have been erratic to a large extent with regard to its economic cycles of booms and recessions, wealth, resource reserves, international relations and its struggle to meet challenges that came up over the years. Some particular struggles that the UAE faced have been to do with issues of governance, relating particularly to the adequate management of resources, socioeconomic stability etc., implementation of democracy, domestic and foreign business and overall economic stability and security. The UAE has been particularly interested in working to overcome these challenges by implementing economic policies and taking on measures of economic development. The economy has allowed for immense expenditure on developing its infrastructure, its real estate market and its leisure and tourism sectors. Kuwait is an economy that al so has oil reserves that it manages on its own. Oil production in Kuwait is expected to increase and the economy is, therefore, spending big money on upgrading and expanding its oil refineries. Kuwait also has a sophisticated financial market and a well developed banking system to its added advantage; thus, areas of development in Kuwait apart from the money spent to manage oil resources are centered around the financial industry, most particularly concerning the financial system itself, securities traded, stability of the market and introducing innovative measures to maintain a competitive edge over other financial markets. South Korea has not done as well as the other countries mentioned as a result of the implementation of SAPs. It made huge investments

Whistleblowing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Whistleblowing - Research Paper Example nzi scheme in 2009 – discuss their causes, analyze the importance of whistleblowing and find out the implications that this practice has had on corporate governance globally. At the end of 2001, Enron’s filing for bankruptcy made it the largest corporate bankruptcy in the history of the United States. This fall from being the most innovative company as per Fortunes Most Admired Companies survey was catastrophic. Enron’s misconduct were brought to the fore by Sherron Watkins, a former vice president who had previously warned Enron’s chairman that its current aggressive accounting tactics were nontransparent and would come back and haunt the organization. From her investigations Watkins became increasingly alarmed as it became apparent that Enron was using accounting loopholes, special purpose entities, and poor financial reporting to misrepresent earnings by hiding billions in debt from projects. Enron was a classic case of audit failure which forced the US government to come up with legislation to prevent such scandals from future occurrence. In 2002, WorldCom overtook Enron as the largest corporate bankruptcy in US history – a record that has since been broken by Lehman Brothers in 2008. WorldCom, like Enron, was also involved in use of fraudulent accounting techniques that classified operating costs as capital expenditures and inflated revenues through phony accounting entries to create a facade of financial growth and profitability. Even though the WorldCom board reacted swifter than Enron in dealing with the masterminds of this fraud, it still took the courage of Cynthia Cooper to blow the whistle on WorldCom's unscrupulous financial practices. In reaction to these scandals, the US government enacted the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 together with several amendments to the U.S. stock exchanges’ regulations. The new rules included different provisions whose purpose was to ensure alignment of incentives of corporate insi ders with those of investors, and to reduce the likelihood of corporate misconduct and fraud. For example, the new rules mandated exchange regulations to require a majority of independent directors on corporate boards and independence of the board committees that choose new directors and compensate managers (Chhaochharia & Grinstein, 2007). This act also included provisions that protect whistleblowers by forcing companies to create dedicated mechanisms to record and track information provided by employees both anonymously and confidentially (Eaton & Akers, 2007). The third whistleblower case is somewhat different from the Enron and WorldCom cases with the whistleblower being an individual not operating within the company that committed the fraud. In this instance, Harry Markopolos took it upon himself to conduct an independent financial fraud investigation for close to a decade to uncover evidence that Bernie Madoff's wealth management business was nothing but a grand Ponzi sche me. Markopolos probed Madoff’s operation and kept filing formal complaints at the US Securities & Exchange Commission (SEC) to have Madoff’s hedge fund investigated. The SEC never acted on Markopolos’ tips until 2008. Bernard Madoff Securities firm pitched investors a strategy he called ‘split strike conversion’

The department of finance and personnel (DFP NI) launched a best Essay

The department of finance and personnel (DFP NI) launched a best practice scheme in Jan 2008, the aim of which is to provide real examples of quality improvements in the delivery of services to citizens - Essay Example The company extends practical and personal care for clients round the clock. The home care company strives hard to improve the quality of care and several best practices have been accomplished to enhance the quality of care. The home care company lays emphasis to re-able people who require home care service. The re-ablement service is for duration of six weeks. Clients are offered care and assistance to re-learn normal life skills or learn new life skills to increase their independence. The significant aspect of re-ablement is to assist people to perform their routine activities rather than performing health care workers performing their tasks. On completion of the six week re-ablement service, the care plan is reviewed and further action is taken so that the person can move into the next step of learning. The action that follows the re-ablement service is either to follow the same care plan, increase the current care package, reduce the current package or allow the client to lead a normal life without the support and service of the health care worker. The last option is allowed when the person has completely adapted to their life skills. In short, re-ablement service optimizes the effort of the client to stay independent in the long run and lead a quality life. The service enables people to avoid unwanted visit or stay at care homes and hospitals and enables clients make optimum use of available resources. The in-house service of re-ablement is a value added service and results in positive outcomes that serve as a motivation to the staff (Using best practice (n.d)). The home care company intervenes into the patient’s affairs to avoid hospitalization. To achieve this objective, home care company provides training to health care workers to assist patients during emergency. Emergency care planning enables health care workers to assess the extent of risk and determine whether the patient requires hospitalization. The plan is also

Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Literature review Example ke your feelings out in an email, saying something like, â€Å"You haven’t responded yet,† or â€Å"You ignored my first email.† Just maintain an extremely polite tone throughout the entire email thread. Showing that you’re friendly and that you understand how busy your contact is a good way to keep him or her interested (and not mad). Sending a follow-up email every day doesn’t show you have gumption or passion, it shows you don’t respect a person’s time. The general rule of thumb is to give at least a week before following up. Any sooner and it might come off as pushy; let too much time pass and you risk the other person not having any clue who you are exactly. I typically start off with an email every week, and then switch to every couple of weeks. If you’ve followed up a few times and still haven’t heard back, it’s worth directly asking if you should stop following up. After all, you don’t want to waste your time, either. I’ll sometimes say, â€Å"I know how busy you are and completely understand if you just haven’t had the time to reach back out. But I don’t want to bombard you with emails if you’re not interested. Just let me know if you’d prefer I stop following up.† Most people respect honesty and don’t want to waste someone’s time, and they’ll at least let you know one way or another. I once had someone trying to sell me something that I was remotely interested in but that was nowhere near the top of my priority list. Every week, he’d send me a new email quickly re-explaining what he sold—as well as a suggestion for good pizza to try around the city. Why? He had seen a blog post where I mentioned I’d eat pizza 24/7 if I could, and cleverly worked that into his follow-up. It made him stand out in a good way, and as a result, we eventually had a call. The lesson: If done well, a little creativity in your follow up can go a long way. If you’re following up about a job, try Alexandra Franzen’s tips for giving the

German Student Movement of the Late 1960s Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

German Student Movement of the Late 1960s - Essay Example The young Germans were of the view that the government failed to act and get over the post Nazi era. The students held that Nazi sympathizers were going unpunished and the people in authority had mentalities that were similar to those used to create the Nazi government. This and along with the many problems that existed in the university systems evoked sentiments of distrust and fear of the authorities among students. The grievances in the university system were associated with unfair representation of the students in their unions and university panels. The ex-Nazi professors brought the view that the administration was reminiscent of the infamous third Reich of the Nazi regime. The United States of America played a major role in influencing and determining the outcome of the 68er –Bwegung in West Germany. Though not physically, the United States clearly determined a clear path followed by the movement and contributed to the start of the riots. West Germany and America had clo se cultural and social relation after the war that helped in transnational exchange. The anti war movement in America instituted teach-ins that influenced the German student movement. The teach-ins produced intellectuals who shared an opinion that was in opposition to the Vietnam War. The war illustrated the worldwide spread of imperialism by America to the West German student organization, SDS, who saw the need for a global revolutionary alliance of activists of the first world against the cynical democracy that was the United States. Though the movement focused on the national grievances and problems in the university system at the time (Turner 166), the Vietnam War was a fundamental issue that was associated with the formation and sustaining of the German student movement. The transnational exchange system allowed the exchange of views as well as a sneak peak of the American society to Germans. This generated a part of the population that had more awareness of their rights and in creased civil rights actions. The increased popularity of left extremist movements converted many universities in West Germany into battlefields for ideas (Turner 166). The perception of the US government by the young generation started changing as they share views that are more liberal. The generation had a negative view of the occupation and thought their nation had not mastered its legacy in the post war period as because of the United States political influence. The students turned into critiques of the United States who joined the growing movements around the globe that were anti-America. Therefore, America through its social and cultural relation and activities with West Germany facilitated the arising of the German student movement as it resulted in creating intellectuals with more liberal views and civil rights awareness. The powerful uprisings in the united states in the 1950’s were significant in the emergence of the German student movement. Movements like the Afric an-American civil rights movement had strategies that advocated denunciation of a system and civil disobedience in order to attain equal rights for everyone. These beliefs and strategies motivated protesters, mostly students, to change their approach in protesting. They adopted methods that were more political, violent, and militant (Turner 171). The end of the Second World War saw the occupation of West Germany by the United States. The United States supported the government of Federal Republic of Germany, through the marshal plan, in its attempt to rebuild the economy and infrastructure. This resulted in developing a good relationship between the two nations and in the citizens of West Germany having a good opinion of America. The

Mislabeled Childe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Mislabeled Childe - Essay Example The special education placement approach was an effective learning approach for Serge. This is because special education has the ability of improving understanding of the English language. Serge has challenges understanding concepts in the English language. Special education will enhance concentration towards improving English language proficiency. The general education learning environment is effective in enhancing the social communication abilities of learners. The social communication skills of Serge will improve if he engages in more team and social discussion. Areas of improvement entail fluency in spoken English, and also improved listening abilities. The teachers should adequately understand the cultural backgrounds of students. The cultural knowledge is very effective in providing superior teaching services. The cultural knowledge enables teachers to provide individualized concentration to the students in the learning process. Students from non-native English speaking societies, require relatively higher levels of concentration in the English language learning. Also, students from humble households require more attention from the teachers. This is through providing additional and specialized lessons in English language, mathematics and

Practicum documentation and evidence of accomplishment manual Essay

Practicum documentation and evidence of accomplishment manual - Essay Example 15 3.Implementation of the Action Plan 17 a.Implementation of action plan and personal learning 17 b.Feedback Report from the Mentor 18 4.Evaluate Overall Project 19 a.Copy of evaluation tool and brief explanation 19 b.Summary of evaluation tool results took place one week after implementation 21 c.Comparing HCAHPS scores before and after implementation. ... In line with this, this was crucial in identifying the reasons why healthcare facilities sought to improve HCAHPS scores. From this general perspective, it was crucial to identify the need to improve HCAHPS scores in Ben Taub General Hospital (BTGH), which is the facility that I was carrying out my practicum. In effect, this is a documentation of the whole process that focuses on explaining the process involved and the steps involved in achieving these crucial objectives. 1. Raising HCAHPS Scores a. Raising HCAHPS Scores-Annotated bibliography This activity involved researching from peer-reviewed journals on the need to improve the HCAHPS scores in any organization. Appendix 1 represents the final annotated bibliography for this practicum activity. It is important to point out that the bibliography is presented in APA style with each peer reviewed journal article providing a summary of the article’s methods and the approach used to determine the usefulness of the journal to th e project practicum. It is crucial to point out that the practicum project had to be organized in an approach that ensured the achievement of the overall goals of the project. However, the achievement of this goal would not have been possible without engaging in a process of research that enhanced the success of the project. The journal articles were important in enhancing the success of the project since they underlined the importance of the project, which was to improve the HCAHPS scores in a healthcare facility. The journals highlight the process of raising the HCAHPS scores in a healthcare facility. Some of the journals start by providing of an explanation about the concept of HCAHPS. In this case, they underline the areas that are

Research Projects Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Research Projects - Essay Example The first is to attain a greater understanding of the world around us, with the assumption here being that new' knowledge facilitates that. The second is the reshaping of the world and reorganisation of the framework within which human activities unfold for the explicated purpose of bring the reality closer to the ideal (Sekaran, 2003). Although, at first glance, the second cited aim may sound unduly ambitious and somewhat arrogant, closer inspection proves otherwise. Were one to briefly consider the fact that medical research has led to the evolution of technologies which have significantly lengthened average human life spans, or that electronic communications research has led to the evolution of the internet, we find that the gap between the ideal and the real, although vast, has been somewhat reduced. Moreover, were we to momentarily reflect upon the fact that scientific research has led to the evolution of instruments and technologies as would give us better understanding of the health of our environment, s a strategy for forestalling crisis, we would again concede that research is fulfilling is articulated aims of explaining and reshaping the world. The research pr On the basis of the above, one may affirm that the aims of research are to uncover new knowledge with the purpose of doing so being to improve the world and human life. Research Process The research process varies in accordance with the research field and the selected research methodology. Hence, as noted by Jackson (1994) within the parameters of scientific research, the process is primarily framed by the collection of primary data and experimentation while, within the context of a humanities' based research, the process is framed by the examination of secondary data in light of new developments, generally tending towards the theoretical and the explanatory and involving little, if any, experimentation (Jackson, 1994). In other words, the research process, defined as the methodology pursued (Jackson, 1994) differs in accordance with subject matter and selected research method. Although the research process is variable, the fact is that the process comprises a number of steps which, if the research subscribes to accepted academic standards and criteria, is cross-disciplinary. All research, as argued by Creswell (2003) proceeds from a specified research problem, an articulated research question and a hypothesised solution to the problem and response to the question. These three steps, research problem, research question and hypothesis, frame the research itself whereby all succeeding research activity is founded upon, and guided by them (Creswell, 2003). In other words, irrespective of research discipline and methodology, the research process comprises the three steps outlined. Based on the above elucidation of the research process, one may not that the process is inextricably connected to the earlier mentioned research reasons. As earlier stated, a research is motivated by the compulsion to uncover new knowledge and to resolve existent problems. These general research aims are narrowed down to a specific problem, question and hypothesis during the research process. Therefore, one may safely assert that the reasons for research and

The House of the Scorpion Essay Example for Free

The House of the Scorpion Essay We all grow up at some point in our lives, but when you are forced to make mature decisions before they have all the necessary skills can make your childhood unpleasant as well as difficult. Matteo Alacran, a boy from the nation of Opium, was not brought into this world like the rest of us he was placed inside the womb of a cow, where he grew, until being cut out. This changed the way many people would look at him in his life. He was a clone to many until his world was turned upside down by â€Å"himself†. Growing up isn’t as easy as it sounds, when most people consider you to be a monster, however those people who see the true inner qualities of a person are the ones we should call friend. Matt was raised in the middle of a poppy field, where he learned basic skills such as reading writing and talking. He was raised by his caregiver Celia; she loved him like he was her own. He left home with the Alacran children, this is where he would be outcast and imprisoned before he could say hello. His only friend was Maria, because she was the only one who would talk to him even if he couldn’t talk back. â€Å"Matt was afraid of Steven and Emilia, but Maria was different. She was his size and didn’t make him feel bad† (32). They would learn each other’s ways and Maria would be the only one to give him essential care to grow. Marias companionship leads to Matt regaining his ability to talk. But not before he meets El Patron, an old man with many secrets. His life is now spent in a wheel chair with two body guards, Tam Lin and Daft Donald, to look after his wellbeing. Tam Lin is now Matt’s companion he takes him on adventures to the far-off land, one of which leading to the discovery of eejits. These are brain implanted, walking zombies so to say, who are programed to have no feelings, show no emotion, and/or work till exhaustion. â€Å"‘The man is dead. Heat or lack of water killed him. The cleanup crews at the end of the day will find him’† (78). Learning about troubles that you will face in the real world is a key part of growing, if you don’t know what’s out there you’re bound to get hurt or even killed.

Poetry Is Key Essay Example for Free

Poetry Is Key Essay I interview Amani because she is a teenager guided by mentorship. She revealed to me how being mentored by positive, loving, and caring people has changed who she is as a person. She said â€Å"I see a big change in myself. It’s like my whole life I’ve been so angry and upset, and it was all because I was being misguided and I didn’t have the chance to become who I am now. † This interview helped me because It kind of showed me what type of response I should be getting from the kids in my program. It is simply a calibration of how the kids that decide to participate in my mentorship program should react. Frohman, Denice. Denice Frohman Gangsta Poetry YouTube. YouTube, 16 June 2009. Web. 05 Dec. 2013. This video is a video of a youth poetry mentor for PYPM (Philadelphia Youth Poetry Movement) who also participated in the Unliter Us Campaign. In this poem she speaks about differ writing tools (metaphors, similes, personification, etc) and different types of poems (haiku, slam, etc). She also talks about motivating the youth to get involved in poetry and imagination. This poem will help me because It is not only an introduction to different types of poetry and all types of writing tools but it’s in a cool poem that, to me, will make the kids want to know more and be less reluctant to participate in my program. Howard, Zora. Zora Howard Mama (lyrics). YouTube. YouTube, 04 Mar. 2011. Web. 01 Feb. 2013. This is a video by a youth slam poet alumni named Zora Howard who is now on a traveling adult poetry group called Strivers Row. This video is of a poem she performed. The poem is in letter form so it starts out saying, â€Å"Dear Son,†. Evidently, she is talking to her son in the letter. Her son is in the army and she’s writing him on his birthday just reminiscing about all the things they used to talk about and do before he was drafted into the army. This poem will help me because performance wasn’t at a competition so the tension is low and she’s just releasing. Although, from my knowledge, the poem is just not real fact for her, it still tells a story in it. It will show the kids how to turn a poem from a regular free  form poem into a letter or a story. James, Cliche M. Who Needs Mentorship. Personal interview. 27 Jan. 2013. I interview the mom of a boy who had never had any form of mentorship to ask her if she thought that mentorship was important and who did she think that it was for. She said that she thinks that it is a difference between â€Å"needing† mentorship and â€Å"wanting† it. She feels as though kids who going down the wrong road in life or kids who just have pain in there life that is hard to let go of should have mentorship. This interview helped me with my research because it, for the most part, proved to me that I made the right choice in targeting kids who have some pain in them, kids that practically have nothing to look forward to because of the situation that their parents are in. James, Nasir. The Importance of Mentorship. Personal interview. 27 Jan. 2013. I interview my nephew, a 15 year old boy who has had mentorship every super since he was 12. I asked him what the importance of mentorship was. At first he was a little reluctant because he though that he didn’t get much out of it but when I began to ask him other questions to break it down. Questions like was there anything about his personality that changed because of the interaction with someone who you could put your trust in and things like that. He ultimately said that after 3 years of being in contact with his mentors, he has seen a difference in who he is and that being with them, he now knows what kind of man he wants to be. He also said that if he didn’t have mentors, he would still have become a good person it would have taken a bit longer. This interview was important because I wanted to know how younger teens felt about mentorship because if they didn’t care, then there would be no purpose of me doing it in the long run because it wouldn’t have changed anything. Lissaint / Strivers Row, Carvens. Praise by Carvens Lissaint. YouTube. YouTube, 02 Feb. 2011. Web. 01 Feb. 2013. This is another video of a youth poet alumni from New York city. He is another member of the poetry group called strivers row and in his younger years, he was on the NYC poetry team that went to the nation wide poetry competition BNV (Brave New Voices) which  premiered on HBO in 2006. This poem is about poetry and every sense that plays a part in writing and speaking poetry. I think that this will help me because I know that a lot of people have a single story about poetry. A lot of people don’t really know what it cane be and in this poem, the poet Carvens Lissaint, touches in on all of that . Mans, Jasmine. Michelle Obama by Jasmine Mans. YouTube. YouTube, 25 Oct. 2010. Web. 01 Feb. 2013. This is a video of yet another strivers row poet. Jasmine Mans was on the NYC team in 2006. This is a video of a poem she recorded called Michelle Obama. This poem is about how first lady Michelle Obama inspires young black women to be great and do great things. It tells them that because she did it, that they can. I think that this will be a good video to use in my program because when I visited the shelter, there was a significant number of girls and I think that showing them this will help them find confidence. Perrin, Brianna. The Importance of Mentorship. Personal interview. 30 Jan. 2013. I interview a senior named Brianna Perrin about her experience with mentorship and community service to get a better understanding of how she felt about it afterward. I also got a chance to find out what she took from the experience as a person who had been mentored and decided to pass it on. I think that this interview was very helpful and very successful. It gave me a perspective of a person who had the same urge as I had. She expressed to me that to her it was more than just helping others and I feel the same way. Going to the shelter is about more than helping others its also a branch of growth for myself. Poetic Devices. Poetic Devices. N. p. , n. d. Web. 01 Feb. 2013. This is a link to a list of poetic devices. This link will be useful because I know that even I don’t know so It’ll help me and help the kids at the program. Poetry. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 30 Jan. 2013. Web. 01 Feb. 2013. I decided to use this link because some people think that poetry is only one thing, when in all actuality, poetry can be many things. This will be helpful because it will give a mor formal introduction than me saying this is was a metaphor is. It will actually explain to them what things are and how they should be used. I also think that this will show the kids the overall brand of poetry so that they know that poetry can be almost anything. This will be just an outline for what I want the kids to take from this program come April or May. Shearlds, Khalil. Mentorship. Personal interview. 7 Jan. 2013. This is the Manager, Center for Parenting Early Childhood Education at the People’s Emergency Center. I interviewed him about the importance of mentorship and who needs it. This interview was important for me to do because this is what he does on a day to day basis. He mentors kids to show them where they can go and to let them know that they don’t have to stay planted in a place where they aren’t happy just because someone put them there. This will be important in the long run because, not that I already didn’t know, i will always know my mission. What Is Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy? What Is Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy? N. p. , 05 Apr. 2007. Web. 04 Jan. 2013. This is a link to the definition of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. I was talking to someone about my capstone and they told me that my whole idea fell along the lines of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. When I looked it up it actually told me a lot about myself and why poetry seemed to work for me. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is a psychotherapeutic approach that is directed toward dysfunctional emotions, maladaptive behaviors and cognitive processes. It’s basically disturbances of your feelings triggered by the things and stresses that you go through. This helped me because it told me almost exactly what these kids are going through inside. Young, B. I Am A Queen Urban Word NYC BNV Semis 2008. YouTube. YouTube, 24 July 2008. Web. 01 Feb. 2013. I decided to use this video of a New York City Poet B. Young. This poem was about his theory of why he would want to be a queen in the game of chess because it’s not about being the protected, he thinks that the protecter is the most important. I decided to use this video because I think it is a good perspective for young men to A realize how important a Queen/girl is and B to understand that being the protected or being the person who everyone who is always being looked after isn’t always who you want to be, sometimes you want to be apart of something bigger. Z. , Sharvon. Philly Youth Poetry Movement. Philly Youth Poetry Movement RSS 20. N. p. , 01 Feb. 2013. Web. 01 Feb. 2013. This is the website for PYPM or Philadelphia Youth Poetry Movement. This is the where I got my mentoring from so not to incorporate and utilize this source would be foolish of me. This website will give me the latest updates on the PYPM team, there videos and events that I could possibly invite my teens to. I can use the videos posted on the website and some of the ideas from poetry workshops to use during my program.

The Work Of Labor And Delivery Nurses Nursing Essay

The Work Of Labor And Delivery Nurses Nursing Essay Today, the work of labor and delivery nurses (LD nurses) is extremely important and responsible because the quality of their work affects consistently the quality of health care services delivered to women and newborns. In this regard, it is important to remember that, today, many women have problems with labor and delivery because of their age, health problems and other factors that make the natural process of labor and delivery difficult. In such a context, the role o LD nurses can hardly be underestimated because their qualification and experience may be crucial for the successful delivery. At the same time, in the contemporary health care environment, the job of LD nurses is basically similar to the job of other nurses in terms of qualification, education, skills and wages. In such a situation, human resource managers often face problems with motivation of LD nurses. This is why human resource managers should focus on the use of non-material motivators, which may be very effectiv e. On the other hand, they should pay a lot of attention to training and education of LD nurses because their qualification plays crucial role in the provision of proper and effective health care services to women and newborn in the course of the labor and delivery. Therefore, LD nurses should have a wide range of nursing skills and abilities, high qualification and solid education background, whereas human resource managers should keep them motivated to carry on their professional development and provide nursing care services of the high quality. On analyzing specificities of the job of LD nurses and their workplace environment in terms of human resource management, specialists (Limentani, 1999) argue that education affects consistently the performance of LD nurses and the effectiveness of their work. In this regard, it is possible to dwell upon basic educational requirements LD nurses should meet in the contemporary health care setting. First of all, LD nurses should have the Bachelor degree because the essential education for LD nurses is the Bachelor of Science in Nursing. However, the bachelor degree is a minimal requirement, whereas often a Master of Science in Nursing degree is needed. The high qualification is one of the essential conditions of the successful professional development of LD nurses because they need to have a solid educational background and profound knowledge in labor and delivery nursing. Naturally, the experience of LD nurses is also very important but they acquire their experience as they carry on their education and professional development. The Bachelor and Master degrees are very important because they provide LD nurses not only with certain status but also and mainly they provide them with basic education on the ground of which they can elaborate the strategy of their professional development and keep growing in professional terms. Furthermore, LD nurses should have a registered nurse license from their state board of nursing (Ryan and Ray, 2004). This is another important requirement LD nurses should meet because the registered nurse license is a sort of guarantee of the current professional level and competence of LD nurses. Registered nurses cannot work without license but LD nurses should strive to obtain the license because the license opens new job opportunities for them and, what is more, contributes to their further professional development. In such a context, many specialists (Benoff   Grauman, 1997) place emphasis on the fact that LD nurses should take training and get involved in courses in a LD nursing program. In actuality, a large number of training programs is available to LD nurses and it is one of the major tasks of human resource managers to motivate LD nurses to participate in training programs. They should explain LD nurses positive effects of training programs for their professional development. In fact, training programs increase the professional level of LD nurses and, therefore, increase the quality of nursing care services they deliver to patients. However, sometimes LD nurses have poor motivation and they need the assistance from the part of human resource managers to participate in training programs. This is a case of experienced LD nurses mainly because they feel confident in their professional skills and abilities, they have extensive experience, and they believe they do not need training courses anymore. This is exactly where human resource managers should work closely with LD nurses to motivate them to carry on their professional development and to participate in training courses. At the same time, along with training, job competences for labor and delivery nurses are extremely important for effective performance of LD nurses and the high quality of nursing care services they deliver to patients. Job competences required for LD nurses normally coincide with job competences required for other nurses. Nevertheless, human resource managers should pay a particular attention to the development of basic job competences in LD nurses. In this regard, LD nurses should have well-developed professional skills above all. This means that they should be professionals, who have extensive knowledge and experience and who are capable to implement their knowledge in practice in their regular work in the real health care setting. Along with specific professional skills and knowledge, LD nurses should develop other competences, which are crucial for their regular work. In this regard, specialists (Miller, et al., 2003) point out that LD nurses should be able to make quick decisions at critical times. To put it more precisely, they should be able to respond fast and properly to any challenge they face in their work. In fact, this is one of the fundamental requirements LD nurses should meet because the fast decision is a key toward the delivery of nursing care services of the high quality. The delivery of nursing care in time may be crucial for the life and health of patients of LD nurses. Therefore, they should pay a lot of attention to the decision making process because often LD nurses have to take decisions on their own and they do not have time to ask for assistance of other health care professionals. In such a situation, the promptness of LD nurses decision making may be crucial for the health and life of women and newborns. At the same time, LD nurses should have good physical stamina and general good health. The work of LD nurses needs significant physical forces and physical stamina and general good health are essential for them. Otherwise, LD nurses could not afford physical pressure they are vulnerable to in the course of their work. At this point, specialists (Limentani, 1999) place emphasis on the fact that LD nurses should always stay focused and concentrated on their work, whatever the time they have been already working. Even if they grow tired, they still have to stay focused on their work because there is no margin for error and LD nurses are responsible for outcomes of their work. The attention and concentration on the proper performance of LD nurses comprise an integral part of their training and human resource managers should develop stamina of LD nurses through stressing the importance of their own health for the provision of health care services to patients. Furthermore, LD nurses may face a number of serious problems in the course of their work. This is why many specialists (Ryan and Ray, 2004) insist on the development of problem solving techniques in LD nurses. It proves beyond a doubt that the development of problem solving techniques is very important because, if LD nurses face a problem and are panic-stricken, they cannot work effectively and they cannot deliver essential nurse care services to patients. In stark contrast, LD nurses, who are experienced in problem solving, stay cool even in the most difficult situation. Instead of falling in panic, they start applying a problem solving technique they believe to be the most efficient in the specific situation. On the ground of problem solving techniques, LD nurses can use their professional knowledge, skills and abilities to work effectively in the most extreme environment. At the same time, specialists (Limentani, 1999) argue that LD nurses should come prepared to face conflicts in the course of their work with both colleagues and patients. In this regard, human resource managers should stimulate the development of conflict management to help LD nurses to prevent the emergence of conflicts and minimize their negative impact on patients and health care professionals, in case conflicts have emerged. In the contemporary health care environment, the conflict management is one of the most important competences of LD nurses because conflicts affect not only psychological state of patients as well as nurses but also their physical state. In case of LD nurses and their patients, any significant deterioration of psychological state or physical health may be dangerous for patients. In addition, many specialists (Miller, et al., 2003) recommend developing counseling strategies in LD nurses. Counseling is very effective, when LD nurses deal with patients, who have significant problems with their health. Counseling helps patient to recover in post-operation period as well as in situations, when they have some difficulties and need the assistance of LD nurses. At the same time, specialists (Ryan and Ray, 2004) point out that economic implications of LD nurses work are also very important in the contemporary health care environment. In fact, the median annual wage of LD nurses meets the average wage level of nurses in the US (Limentani, 1999). The following table shows the wage of LD nurses depending on their certification: Skill: Labor Delivery, Birthing Median Hourly Rate by Job Job National Hourly Rate Data  (?) $0 $10 $20 $30 Registered Nurse (RN) $25.64 Certified Nurse Assistant (CNA) $10.99 Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN) $16.43 Registered Nurse (RN), Emergency Room $25.86 Charge Nurse (RN) $29.12 Licensed Vocational Nurse (LVN) $17.88 Registered Nurse (RN), Operating Room $28.82 Country: United States | Currency: USD | Updated: 17 Feb 2011 | Individuals Reporting: 6,542 Source: Skill Labor: Delivery, Birthing/Hourly Rate. (2011). http://www.payscale.com/research/US/Skill=Labor_%26_Delivery,_Birthing/Hourly_Rate In such a way, LD nurses basically meet average standards in the industry. Therefore, human resource managers can hardly count for the high level of motivation of LD nurses, if they use material motivators solely. Bonuses and increase of wages may be effective but they will not bring positive effects always. In a long-run perspective, other motivators are needed to stimulate LD nurses to work better. In such a context, specialists (Miller, et al., 2003) suggest different strategies and solutions human resource managers can use to increase the effectiveness of work with LD nurses, minimize the risk of conflicts and stimulate the professional development of LD nurses. First, LD nurses need to stay motivated, regardless of their experience, skills and abilities they have developed in the course of their professional career. Second, LD nurses should be confident of their responsibility for outcomes of their work. Human resource managers should inform LD nurses about consequences of professional negligence from the part of LD nurses and their legal liability. At the same time, human resource managers should motivate LD nurses to improve their professional skills and knowledge through participation in training programs. For instance, human resource managers can promote LD nurses, who are particularly successful in training or who are eager to participate in training programs. In additi on, human resource managers can use the knowledge sharing management strategy, which helps to share knowledge within a health care organization using the experience and knowledge of health care professionals working in the organization. For instance, more experienced LD nurses can share their knowledge with newcomers, whereas physicians can share their knowledge with experienced LD nurses. In such a way, health care professionals working within the health care organization will share knowledge and develop new skills and abilities. In addition, human resource managers should help LD nurses to improve communication with patients and to use effective strategies and techniques of problem solving, conflict management and counseling. Thus, taking into account all above mentioned, it is important to place emphasis on the fact that LD nurses are responsible for their work and they should provide nursing care services of the high quality because health and life of patients are in their hands. In this regard, the effective human resource management can be an effective tool to improve the quality of nursing care services being delivered by LD nurses to patients.

School Vouchers The Wrong Choice Essays -- essays papers

School Vouchers: The Wrong Choice Susie is a young girl who lives in Florida. Since kindergarten, she has attended a nearby private school. Her parents willingly pay her tuition, even though doing so forces them to cut other corners. They do not mind these sacrifices, since they know that their daughter is getting the best education they can give her. Jesse lives downtown, in the inner city. She attends the local public school and struggles through her classes. Her mother would like to send her to a private school, where there is less violence and a calmer atmosphere, but cannot afford it. Then, Jesse’s mother learns that a voucher system has put into place for the entire state of Florida. Jesse’s inner city, spray-painted elementary school received a failing status, so she can receive a voucher to attend the school of her choice. With the money she receives from the voucher, Jesse’s mother is able to send her daughter to the same private school that Susie attends. Is it fair that Susie’s parents pinch pennies while Jesse’s mother send her on the bus for free? While meaning well, does the voucher system inadvertently discriminate against children like Susie whose parents must work extra hours to put their children through private school? Is the voucher system really the answer to the problems with American education today, or a way to transfer them somewhere else? American public schools have always had their flaws. In the nineteenth century, colleges complained of under-prepared freshmen; students who could not write an essay or even spell. A main controversy was bilingual education for newly naturalized immigrants. As America entered the early 1900s, the debate turned to the use of entertainment in the classroom. Teachers felt that they must put on a show in order to keep the attention of their pupils. The abandonment of phonics in the 1920s and 30s was believed to be the reason why the job market consisted of those with inadequate educational preparation. Social promotion and the replacement of the â€Å"three R’s† with emotional stability and attitude courses were the causes of concern in the 1940s. The 1950s brought an awareness of low standards. It was found that American children were lagging behind the average standards of the rest of the world. Safety in schools also became an issue; incoming teachers were warned of the â€Å"ph... ...(Roberts, Glenn 23). Instead of taking this money away form the nation’s failing schools, it should be pumped into them and put to work. Education tax dollars should be put to work solving the problems in American schools. The voucher system is an escape out the back door. It simply transfers all of the issues out of the public schools, placing them in the hands of the private community. Bibliography: Works Cited Kaczor, Bill. â€Å"Judge Throws Out Florida Voucher Law.† Tallahassee Democrat, 15 March 2000. Roberts, Nanette M. and Glenn, Charles L. â€Å"School Vouchers: Two Views.† Sojourners (January - February 1998): 22-25. Rothstein, Richard. The Way We Were?: The Myths and Realities of America’s Student Achievement. [Online] Available http://www.tcf.org/publications/education/way.we.were/Foreword.html, May 1, 2000. Tyack, David. â€Å"Choice Options: School Choice, Yes - But What Kind?† The American Prospect Online, January - February 1999, 42. [Online] Available http://www.propect.org/archives/42/42tyack.html, May 1, 2000. Whitmire, Richard. â€Å"Milwaukee Voucher study Says Public Schools Not Harmed.† Gannett News Service, 3 February 2000.

Aeneid :: essays research papers

The Greek and Roman spirit influenced the book Aeneid in many ways. Virgil made Aeneas' behavior such that he was fully qualified to be called a Roman hero. Aeneas reflected very few Greek traits. He was very much the "Roman hero."Greek heroes were very different from Roman heroes. Will Durant, author of Caesar and Christ says, "It (the Aeneid) would also show the role of Roman character in these achievements and seek to make ancient virtues popular, it would picture its hero as reverent of the gods and guided by them and would fall in as Augusta reformation of morals and faith" (239).Greek heroes were well rounded. Greeks would study music, dancing, rhetoric, philosophy, mathematics, physical training, and military science. Studying rhetoric, philosophy, and mathematics made Greeks more useful citizens. The Greeks two main beliefs were: know thyself, and nothing in excess. Greeks strove for arete`. According to Hastings "arete` is excellence". Roman heroes were considered great because of their achievements on the battle field. Even though the Roman and Greek minds are greatly different they have a few similarities. Both the Romans and Greeks had 1polis. They did, however, have different definitions of home. The one thing remains constant is that they would both risk their lives to reach home. Aeneas had to risk his life to journey from Troy to reach Italy where Rome was established. To the Romans, the state had to be placed above ones needs. The Greek definition of home is more family. Both the Roman and the Greeks respected and feared their gods. Aeneas had gods helping and hindering him. The goddess Juno was Aeneas' enemy. Juno often interfered with Aeneas' life. Juno tried to prevent Aeneas from reaching his goal. Aeneas' goal was to establish Rome. The Greeks believed that anything that was pointless was like punishment. Like the Greeks, the Romans could see little sense in doing something that had no definite conclusion.As said before, Greeks had a strong dedication to their city-state. Aeneas had to reach Italy where Rome was established. Greeks believed in nothing in excess. This is shown in the Aeneid when Aeneas and his crew landed on the island, they found a Greek who was accidentally left behind. Instead of killing him, Aeneas treated him fairly. Aeneas showed self-control.Romans preferred war. It was in their nature to fight. They were raised to battle. Romans were not well rounded, their main or only study growing up was physical training and military science.

The Military Draft: An Unwise Solution Essay -- Bush Iraq War Afghanis

The Military Draft: An Unwise Solution   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The United States of America's military is currently involved in two major wars with U.S. opposition in Afghanistan and Iraq. All though both of these efforts can be said to be in the clean-up stages, many more soldiers will be needed to stabilize the regions, to provide police work, and to fight the insurgencies that have risen in opposition to the invasion of U.S. troops into foreign lands. The current presidential administration states that to adequately deal with the problems of post-war Iraq and unstable Afghanistan the United States needs to increase the number of active-duty soldiers serving over-seas. Top officials in the administration have said that a reorganization of the military is already in progress, and it will create more combat regiments, but the quoted additional 25,000 new military participants needed per year can hardly be met through these minor reorganizations. In addition, recruiting numbers are at their lowest in over ten years (?All Thing s Considered?, NPR News Source.) Many feel that the reenactment of the military service draft is inevitable because it is the only way to come up with the astounding number of new troops needed to finish the jobs started in the Middle-East by George W. Bush and his Republican administration. If increasing the size of the military is inevitable, then the draft is the wrong way to go. Aside from the moral objections that many Americans have to a draft, there are major logical fallacies in the reasoning that a draft would benefit the military, America, or its interests abroad; therefore, the draft should not be reenacted to increase the number of the United States? combat troops.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The most obvious problem with a military draft is that it creates soldiers that do not want to go to war. Currently our army is volunteer-only, and no one can be forced to enlist if he or she does not want to. This maintains our army as efficient and dedicated to its goal with its members being committed and personally connected to the well-being of American interests. These voluntary soldiers are the best kind of soldiers because they believe in what they are doing. Generalizing slightly, they are willing to give their lives for this country and the missions that it takes on in the world. If a draft were reenacted, this would not be so. Upon forcing citizens to enlist, ou... ...war in Iraq, if the draft were to be reenacted, the underlying statement by wealthy politicians and businessmen would be that they are willing to sacrifice the lives of the youth at random to maintain their own financial comfort. The draft is an unwise solution to any military endeavor that cannot find the adequate number of troops to fulfill its mission. If people have to be forced to participate in a war, perhaps it was irresponsible to carry it out in the first place without a plan as to how the entire thing would be carried out with the existing military forces. Needing a draft to aid a military campaign also shows that the citizens do not wholly support the cause, because they are not standing up to fight for it. Forcing these people to fight would be disastrous. At home, riots and protesting would ravage the nation and bring to our domestic life a great deal of turmoil. Abroad, soldier morale and ability would be greatly reduced by forcing people who have never been soldiers, and who never wanted to be soldiers, to be soldiers. The draft is therefore an obsolete mechanism of war, and should never be reenacted for the good of our stability, morale, and military strength.

The aeration of the mixture of microorganisms

Water treatment is the removal of harmful pollutants in the water so that it can be used domestically and agriculturally. It is conducted through the use of chemical, biological and physical processes. Wastewater treatment enables the recycling of water so that it can be used for various uses. Main body Secondary water treatment method involves the removal of fine and dissolved wastes that are organic by the use of a biological process of treating water. The common approaches to biological water treatment process are the activated sludge and trickling filter.Activated sludge through the aeration of the mixture of microorganisms, which are also referred to as biological sludge, and wastewater. The microorganisms are subjected under an environment that facilitates their growth (Neary, 2009). The wastewater is continuously run into the aeration tank so that the provision of oxygen is enabled. Through the provision of oxygen, the microorganisms are in a position to break down the polluta nts that are organic. In the end, the activated sludge remains in the bottom.The sludge that is in excess is removed and put into disposal. The other approach is the trickling filters that uses a bed of stones, or the plastic material that is perforated. Oxygen is picked up by the waste water and gets sprayed through the filter so that it can pass through the micro organisms . The organic materials present in the waste water are fed on by the micro-organisms due to the high amounts of oxygen. These methods bring together aerobic micro –organisms, oxygen and organic matter.Biological oxidation takes place in the water treatment system, other than in the lake or in a stream when the organic wastes are discarded there. The tertiary water treatment has many processes that include; removal of nutrient, which include Nitrogen and Phosphorous, and toxic materials removal. Tertiary treatment process combines physical and chemical treatment; however, there are still biological treatme nts that remove Nitrogen and Phosphorous.Water is pumped through carbon filters that are activated. Charcoal is activated carbon that has been treated so that it can increase the chemical bonding potential. It is after this filtration that Nitrogen and Phosphorous are removed. However, the water has to pass through chemical treatment that is specialized in order to remove some chemical pollutants. An example of the pollutants is hexavalent chromium, which is toxic and can lead to cancer. Reclaimed water is water that has been treated .this water can be used for irrigation, generation of power, controlling dust, recharging of aquifer, cooling in some of the industrial process and restoration of the natural system. This water cannot be used for drinking, cooking, swimming and irrigating vegetables. This water is beneficial because its cost is low compared to the water used for drinking. Reclaimed water reduces the use of fertilizer because Phosphorous and Nitrogen remain (Neary, 2009) . To ensure that household reclaimed water is safely used, people should become extremely aware of the hazards that may result from reclaimed water.Upon known knowing the hazard, the people should adopt strategies that are in order to manage the prevailing hazards. Conclusion I would recommend tertiary water treatment because it removes pollutants such as hexavalant chromium that is harmful to the human health and the natural environment. Tertiary water treatment is the final treatment of water and hence it is the safest method. REFERENCE Neary, J. (2009). Water Quality for Ecosystem and Human Health. Culver City, CA: Earthprint

Frederick Douglass Rhetoric Analysis

Whenever mischief exists in nightspot, it stimulates the responsibility of others to step onwards in defence force of the oppressed. If this action does not occur, accordingly the injustice will rest and innocent good deal will suffer. In order to preserve equality, sometimes tidy sum must take a try in order to reveal the trueness and uphold justice. Individuals throughout history, such as the founding fathers, Gandhi, and Martin Luther King, Jr. , get d give face this peril in the pursuit of freedom.In 1845, Frederick Douglass produce Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, in order to do just that- to take a leak the truth behind break mavins backry and sanction for freedom. In his narrative, Douglass purposes diction, social structure, imagery, and other rhetorical elements to take people of the loathsomenesss that thralldom inflicts on some(prenominal)(prenominal) sides of society. In order to reveal the truth behind thralldom, Douglass demonstrates his doom through his use of diction and structure. by his diction, Douglass uses words to expand the barbarity and in va permitity of slaveholding.For instance, Douglass describes slave dealers as human flesh-mongers and their actions as fiendish barbarity (Douglass, 21, 27). By using words such as these, Douglass shows his contempt for those responsible and informs the lector of the scratchiness of thraldom. He compares the slaveholders to barbarians, revealing them as the round top of cruelty and wickedness. In addition, after honoring the white men heartlessly flagrant slaves with swine and thoughtlessly divide families, he see much clearly than ever the savageizing do of thraldom upon both the slave and the slaveholder (Douglass, 58).Douglass uses the word brutalizing to show how the power of owning other person turned the white brutal and inhuman. That they could commit these malicious acts on sonny human beings becomes incomprehensible, and he success to the full communicates the pixilated effects of slavery. In addition to his diction, Douglass uses structure to show how the barbarity of enslavement graduation exercise turned him into a slave, and how that same atrocity set him free. After about cabaret chapters detailing his slave life, he says, You let seen how a man was made a slave you shall see how a slave was made a man. (Douglass, 75) He then goes on to describe the turning point for him that sparked his quest for freedom. By structuring his narrative this way, he reveals both sides- how slavery broke him in body, soul, and spirit (Douglass, 73) and how it purgetually rekindled the few expiring embers of freedom within him (Douglass, 80). In doing so, he gives the reader an insight into how he became himself, and reinforces the evils of slavery in the way it shapes a mans life. Douglass use of diction and structure in effect persuades the reader of the barbarity and inhumanity that comes as a result of slavery.To continue his persuasion, Douglass uses survival of the fittest of detail and different short letters to patch up his watch out known. When describing some aspects of slavery, Douglass use of detail opens societys eyes to injustice. In adept case, when describing the whipping of his Aunt Hester, he includes expound that encompass sight- the warm, red blood came descend to the floor, sound- amid heart-rending shrieks, and emotion- I was so horror-stricken I hid myself in a closet (Douglass, 24).By including facts screen more senses, he provides the reader a chance to piece together the scene, tolerant them perspective. If society has all the details, it becomes easier for them to pass an dead-on(prenominal) judgment of slavery. His detail, or lack thereof, likewise contributes to his use of tone- in particular, one of savour and detachment. When describing incidents involving himself, he seems as if relating the story of another(prenominal)- uncommon a week passed without his whipping me. I was seldom free from a unutterable back (Douglass, 70).While he neither all over or under exaggerates the situation, he seldom tells of his own emotions and disgust regarding his punishments, and he shows his contempt without appearing exceedingly emotional. By property a cooler tone, Douglass avoids writing warming with emotion and reestablishes his credibility. Douglass also uses a tone of despair to persuade of injustice. In one passage, he pours out his heart, O God, extradite me God deliver me Why am I a slave? (Douglass, 74). Through his touching supplication the reader weaken understands him.His despairing tone displays how slavery truly broke him down and pushed him into misery. Douglass use of detail and tone sincerely convinces one of slaverys evils. In addition to stylistic elements used thus far, Douglass also uses both imagery and syntax to portray the horrors of slavery. To develop with, he uses imagery by personifying slave ry there stood slavery, a stern reality, stare frightfully upon us, -its robes already crimsoned with the blood of millions, and even now feasting itself greedily upon our own flesh. (Douglass, 90) By depicting slavery this way, he gives it power and emphasis, causing slaves to appear nerveless beneath slaverys influence. The intellectual representation he renders reveals once more the involuntary, villainous enslavement and that the effects of slavery are evil and need to cease. along with personification, Douglass uses a metaphor to illustrate the terrible effects of slavery on his mistress- thrall proved as injurious to her as it did to meUnder its influence, the tender heart became stone, and the lamblike disposition gave way to one of tiger-like furiousness (Douglass, 51).While her heart did not truly become stone, this illustration helps to reveal how the responsibility of owning another human being corrupted her. By using a metaphor, the comparison among her temperament before and after owning a slave becomes a harsher, more dim reality of slaverys evil influence. Along with imagery, Douglass use of syntax provides comment and effectively helps to portray slaverys harms.After escaping to the north, Douglass describes the thoughts running through his mind let him place himself in my situation- without home or friends- without money or credit- wanting shelter, and no one to give it- wanting bread, and no money to buy it, perfectly mazed both as to the means of defense and means of escape, I say, let him be placed in this most laborious situation, the situation in which I was placed,- then, and not till then, will he fully appreciate the hardships of, and know how to sympathize with, the toil-worn and whip-scarred flitting slave (Douglass, 110).The choppy flow of this sentence, alter with breaks in thought, makes him seem breathless and reflects his terror as a runaway slave. This shows that slavery, which has instilled thickheaded fear i nto the hearts of slaves, makes adjustment in a free world thorny for fugitives. To convince society of the harm that slavery wreaks on both the slave and slaveholder, Frederick Douglass uses many literary elements in his narrative to get down his message.Overcoming many difficulties and prejudice against him, Douglass published his narrative, despite numerous risks, to persuade society of slaverys evils. Engaged in plead the importance of freedom, his narrative, read across the world, stands as a witness to the struggles required to conform to freedom. All through history, courageous individuals have stood up in the face of misfortune to protect the rights of others. Today, where freedoms are threatened across the world, people can still make a difference, like Douglass narrative, and unify people in a worthy causa to defend liberty.